1. Is sustained weeding effort a successful long-term restoration strategy?

1a. How does total exotic percent cover change with time since restoration?

Hypothesis: If sustained weeding (routine weed-whacking, monthly hand-weeding) is successful, total exotic cover will remain low.

Results: Significant increase in total exotic percent cover after year 4 – due to increase in exotics in transition and upland zones.

1b. How does exotic diversity change with time since restoration?

Hypothesis: If sustained weeding (routine weed-whacking, monthly hand-weeding) is successful, exotic diversity will remain low.

Results: No significant change in Shannon’s Index of exotic community.

1c. Is there a threshold (# of years) after which exotic abundance increases?

Hypothesis: We will see increased exotic species percent cover and diversity with increased time since restoration due to reinvasion.

1d. Do pools converge on the same exotic community composition over time?

Hypothesis: Pools that are restored in the same way will converge on the same exotic community over time.

Results: Sig difference in exotic community across age (perMANOVA p = 0.001) – community changes at year 4

## Square root transformation
## Wisconsin double standardization
## Run 0 stress 0.0001864372 
## Run 1 stress 0.0001940898 
## ... Procrustes: rmse 0.0001413091  max resid 0.001737243 
## ... Similar to previous best
## Run 2 stress 0.0001747207 
## ... New best solution
## ... Procrustes: rmse 9.883458e-05  max resid 0.001582182 
## ... Similar to previous best
## Run 3 stress 0.0001947688 
## ... Procrustes: rmse 7.429055e-05  max resid 0.001142339 
## ... Similar to previous best
## Run 4 stress 0.0002100222 
## ... Procrustes: rmse 8.263693e-05  max resid 0.001395285 
## ... Similar to previous best
## Run 5 stress 0.0001817826 
## ... Procrustes: rmse 9.477926e-05  max resid 0.001460074 
## ... Similar to previous best
## Run 6 stress 0.0002395607 
## ... Procrustes: rmse 0.0001201268  max resid 0.001820223 
## ... Similar to previous best
## Run 7 stress 0.0002113282 
## ... Procrustes: rmse 0.0001294745  max resid 0.001799652 
## ... Similar to previous best
## Run 8 stress 0.0002418854 
## ... Procrustes: rmse 0.0001110478  max resid 0.001665338 
## ... Similar to previous best
## Run 9 stress 0.0001982828 
## ... Procrustes: rmse 0.0001380073  max resid 0.001538979 
## ... Similar to previous best
## Run 10 stress 0.0001907099 
## ... Procrustes: rmse 9.423115e-05  max resid 0.00148163 
## ... Similar to previous best
## Run 11 stress 0.0002083626 
## ... Procrustes: rmse 0.000151221  max resid 0.001594593 
## ... Similar to previous best
## Run 12 stress 0.0001790781 
## ... Procrustes: rmse 0.0001153779  max resid 0.001214111 
## ... Similar to previous best
## Run 13 stress 0.0002211788 
## ... Procrustes: rmse 6.236132e-05  max resid 0.0006707682 
## ... Similar to previous best
## Run 14 stress 0.0002250545 
## ... Procrustes: rmse 0.0001527055  max resid 0.002232738 
## ... Similar to previous best
## Run 15 stress 0.0002258319 
## ... Procrustes: rmse 0.0001027895  max resid 0.001072123 
## ... Similar to previous best
## Run 16 stress 0.0001771739 
## ... Procrustes: rmse 0.0001365836  max resid 0.002156664 
## ... Similar to previous best
## Run 17 stress 0.000228246 
## ... Procrustes: rmse 8.875907e-05  max resid 0.000987312 
## ... Similar to previous best
## Run 18 stress 0.0002098695 
## ... Procrustes: rmse 5.664803e-05  max resid 0.0009609022 
## ... Similar to previous best
## Run 19 stress 0.0002166131 
## ... Procrustes: rmse 0.0001197874  max resid 0.00144846 
## ... Similar to previous best
## Run 20 stress 0.0002308734 
## ... Procrustes: rmse 0.0001032019  max resid 0.001749807 
## ... Similar to previous best
## *** Solution reached

1e. Is the whole community changing?

Hypothesis: If restoration was successful, then the community should be in stable equilibrium.

Results: Sig difference in community across age (perMANOVA p = 0.001) – community changes at year 6

## Square root transformation
## Wisconsin double standardization
## Run 0 stress 0.1907531 
## Run 1 stress 0.1872286 
## ... New best solution
## ... Procrustes: rmse 0.02889939  max resid 0.07581456 
## Run 2 stress 0.1859577 
## ... New best solution
## ... Procrustes: rmse 0.004448033  max resid 0.08832582 
## Run 3 stress 0.1844818 
## ... New best solution
## ... Procrustes: rmse 0.004269266  max resid 0.08041654 
## Run 4 stress 0.1844645 
## ... New best solution
## ... Procrustes: rmse 0.001533045  max resid 0.03342935 
## Run 5 stress 0.1857791 
## Run 6 stress 0.1872179 
## Run 7 stress 0.1896821 
## Run 8 stress 0.1884414 
## Run 9 stress 0.1895438 
## Run 10 stress 0.1857354 
## Run 11 stress 0.1843237 
## ... New best solution
## ... Procrustes: rmse 0.00276945  max resid 0.0639099 
## Run 12 stress 0.190858 
## Run 13 stress 0.1843497 
## ... Procrustes: rmse 0.002437602  max resid 0.0485997 
## Run 14 stress 0.190749 
## Run 15 stress 0.1871542 
## Run 16 stress 0.1895527 
## Run 17 stress 0.1844739 
## ... Procrustes: rmse 0.003201429  max resid 0.06413912 
## Run 18 stress 0.1860205 
## Run 19 stress 0.1859435 
## Run 20 stress 0.188494 
## Run 21 stress 0.1872231 
## Run 22 stress 0.1844741 
## ... Procrustes: rmse 0.003155487  max resid 0.06408565 
## Run 23 stress 0.1872462 
## Run 24 stress 0.1858353 
## Run 25 stress 0.1872999 
## Run 26 stress 0.1857324 
## Run 27 stress 0.1906174 
## Run 28 stress 0.1843352 
## ... Procrustes: rmse 0.0005847163  max resid 0.01167817 
## Run 29 stress 0.187266 
## Run 30 stress 0.1843158 
## ... New best solution
## ... Procrustes: rmse 0.0007426089  max resid 0.008058621 
## ... Similar to previous best
## *** Solution reached

1f. Is the native community changing?

Hypothesis: If restoration methods are the same, pools will converge on the same native community.

Results: Total native percent cover stable after sig increase after year 2 (ANOVA F(7) = 5.65, p << 0.001), but Shannon’s Index of native community sig decreased after year 7 (ANOVA F(7) = 2.051, p = 0.0474)

## Square root transformation
## Wisconsin double standardization
## Run 0 stress 0.1197204 
## Run 1 stress 0.1211792 
## Run 2 stress 0.1235704 
## Run 3 stress 0.1197455 
## ... Procrustes: rmse 0.001894166  max resid 0.03688743 
## Run 4 stress 0.1205058 
## Run 5 stress 0.1204221 
## Run 6 stress 0.1242693 
## Run 7 stress 0.1210847 
## Run 8 stress 0.1200324 
## ... Procrustes: rmse 0.004194719  max resid 0.06971318 
## Run 9 stress 0.1199626 
## ... Procrustes: rmse 0.003886138  max resid 0.06864863 
## Run 10 stress 0.1205661 
## Run 11 stress 0.1197033 
## ... New best solution
## ... Procrustes: rmse 0.001609616  max resid 0.02931779 
## Run 12 stress 0.1200261 
## ... Procrustes: rmse 0.0043121  max resid 0.07008103 
## Run 13 stress 0.1198867 
## ... Procrustes: rmse 0.003372211  max resid 0.06731215 
## Run 14 stress 0.1259998 
## Run 15 stress 0.1197095 
## ... Procrustes: rmse 0.0005405538  max resid 0.01075768 
## Run 16 stress 0.119719 
## ... Procrustes: rmse 0.0007735572  max resid 0.0136245 
## Run 17 stress 0.1199046 
## ... Procrustes: rmse 0.00351352  max resid 0.06932825 
## Run 18 stress 0.1206437 
## Run 19 stress 0.1207161 
## Run 20 stress 0.1205759 
## Run 21 stress 0.1203746 
## Run 22 stress 0.1203426 
## Run 23 stress 0.1204949 
## Run 24 stress 0.1199751 
## ... Procrustes: rmse 0.003481115  max resid 0.06501137 
## Run 25 stress 0.1199084 
## ... Procrustes: rmse 0.003324065  max resid 0.07056513 
## Run 26 stress 0.1197629 
## ... Procrustes: rmse 0.00231103  max resid 0.0371388 
## Run 27 stress 0.1277274 
## Run 28 stress 0.125201 
## Run 29 stress 0.1197724 
## ... Procrustes: rmse 0.002436159  max resid 0.0372729 
## Run 30 stress 0.1203898 
## Run 31 stress 0.120487 
## Run 32 stress 0.1260531 
## Run 33 stress 0.1246969 
## Run 34 stress 0.1199732 
## ... Procrustes: rmse 0.004057259  max resid 0.07003614 
## Run 35 stress 0.1206595 
## Run 36 stress 0.123995 
## Run 37 stress 0.1197031 
## ... New best solution
## ... Procrustes: rmse 0.0003644298  max resid 0.003144512 
## ... Similar to previous best
## *** Solution reached

1g. How does this actively managed site compare to passive management?

Hypothesis: Actively managed site will change the community.

Results: North Parcel sig different from Del Sol communities (both overall and just exotics)

## Square root transformation
## Wisconsin double standardization
## Run 0 stress 0.140143 
## Run 1 stress 0.1401449 
## ... Procrustes: rmse 0.0009260093  max resid 0.01658437 
## Run 2 stress 0.1401428 
## ... New best solution
## ... Procrustes: rmse 0.001113462  max resid 0.01971245 
## Run 3 stress 0.1401446 
## ... Procrustes: rmse 0.001323612  max resid 0.02376204 
## Run 4 stress 0.1401329 
## ... New best solution
## ... Procrustes: rmse 0.001179841  max resid 0.02183282 
## Run 5 stress 0.151906 
## Run 6 stress 0.1401505 
## ... Procrustes: rmse 0.0009819621  max resid 0.0207413 
## Run 7 stress 0.140144 
## ... Procrustes: rmse 0.0004632886  max resid 0.001979062 
## ... Similar to previous best
## Run 8 stress 0.1401452 
## ... Procrustes: rmse 0.001117422  max resid 0.01889823 
## Run 9 stress 0.1401399 
## ... Procrustes: rmse 0.0008848728  max resid 0.01959073 
## Run 10 stress 0.1401427 
## ... Procrustes: rmse 0.0007382106  max resid 0.01291283 
## Run 11 stress 0.1401397 
## ... Procrustes: rmse 0.001146594  max resid 0.02097023 
## Run 12 stress 0.140131 
## ... New best solution
## ... Procrustes: rmse 0.0004289686  max resid 0.00753713 
## ... Similar to previous best
## Run 13 stress 0.1401351 
## ... Procrustes: rmse 0.000947123  max resid 0.01611734 
## Run 14 stress 0.1401357 
## ... Procrustes: rmse 0.0007227669  max resid 0.01324211 
## Run 15 stress 0.1401465 
## ... Procrustes: rmse 0.0007139255  max resid 0.005756169 
## ... Similar to previous best
## Run 16 stress 0.1401466 
## ... Procrustes: rmse 0.0009693103  max resid 0.0205707 
## Run 17 stress 0.140152 
## ... Procrustes: rmse 0.001203002  max resid 0.02127813 
## Run 18 stress 0.1401472 
## ... Procrustes: rmse 0.001203796  max resid 0.02076578 
## Run 19 stress 0.1401496 
## ... Procrustes: rmse 0.001151758  max resid 0.0208782 
## Run 20 stress 0.1401464 
## ... Procrustes: rmse 0.0009801462  max resid 0.02068166 
## *** Solution reached

## Square root transformation
## Wisconsin double standardization
## Run 0 stress 0.0002493451 
## Run 1 stress 0.0003104967 
## ... Procrustes: rmse 0.0001237347  max resid 0.001973227 
## ... Similar to previous best
## Run 2 stress 0.0002860673 
## ... Procrustes: rmse 5.20922e-05  max resid 0.0007903145 
## ... Similar to previous best
## Run 3 stress 0.0002956408 
## ... Procrustes: rmse 0.0001232495  max resid 0.001485577 
## ... Similar to previous best
## Run 4 stress 0.0002736536 
## ... Procrustes: rmse 0.0001313674  max resid 0.002142802 
## ... Similar to previous best
## Run 5 stress 0.0002568492 
## ... Procrustes: rmse 0.0001241286  max resid 0.001405572 
## ... Similar to previous best
## Run 6 stress 0.000261039 
## ... Procrustes: rmse 0.0001116023  max resid 0.001799231 
## ... Similar to previous best
## Run 7 stress 0.0002818159 
## ... Procrustes: rmse 9.90803e-05  max resid 0.001476145 
## ... Similar to previous best
## Run 8 stress 0.0002956183 
## ... Procrustes: rmse 0.0001327594  max resid 0.002586687 
## ... Similar to previous best
## Run 9 stress 0.000296899 
## ... Procrustes: rmse 0.0001189641  max resid 0.001881227 
## ... Similar to previous best
## Run 10 stress 0.0003074989 
## ... Procrustes: rmse 0.0001656933  max resid 0.002132094 
## ... Similar to previous best
## Run 11 stress 0.0002748882 
## ... Procrustes: rmse 0.0001198919  max resid 0.001391792 
## ... Similar to previous best
## Run 12 stress 0.0003306824 
## ... Procrustes: rmse 0.0001209585  max resid 0.001397429 
## ... Similar to previous best
## Run 13 stress 0.000293399 
## ... Procrustes: rmse 0.0001261745  max resid 0.001564076 
## ... Similar to previous best
## Run 14 stress 0.0002627465 
## ... Procrustes: rmse 6.90775e-05  max resid 0.001086668 
## ... Similar to previous best
## Run 15 stress 0.0002704004 
## ... Procrustes: rmse 0.0001073318  max resid 0.00201955 
## ... Similar to previous best
## Run 16 stress 0.0002648141 
## ... Procrustes: rmse 0.0001484116  max resid 0.002022527 
## ... Similar to previous best
## Run 17 stress 0.0003220479 
## ... Procrustes: rmse 0.0001042372  max resid 0.001183085 
## ... Similar to previous best
## Run 18 stress 0.0003228854 
## ... Procrustes: rmse 0.0001516643  max resid 0.002826584 
## ... Similar to previous best
## Run 19 stress 0.0002599293 
## ... Procrustes: rmse 0.0001690516  max resid 0.002068787 
## ... Similar to previous best
## Run 20 stress 0.0003161539 
## ... Procrustes: rmse 0.000191471  max resid 0.003405525 
## ... Similar to previous best
## *** Solution reached

2. What environmental filters can be manipulated to decrease exotics?

2a. How does the seedbank compare to the aboveground cover?

H1: If exotic species are coming up in above-ground monitoring that are not found in below-ground seedbank diversity, then seeds are blowing in from surrounding invaded matrix. H2: If native species are in the seedbank but are not found in above-ground monitoring, then an environmental filter is preventing them from germinating, despite sustained weeding effort.

Results: Exotic seedbank communities sig different from exotic above-ground communities (perMANOVA p = 0.001)

## Run 0 stress 0.000232349 
## Run 1 stress 0.0001820974 
## ... New best solution
## ... Procrustes: rmse 0.0001430266  max resid 0.002300553 
## ... Similar to previous best
## Run 2 stress 0.0002282422 
## ... Procrustes: rmse 9.839991e-05  max resid 0.00110316 
## ... Similar to previous best
## Run 3 stress 0.0002370712 
## ... Procrustes: rmse 7.938828e-05  max resid 0.0008129308 
## ... Similar to previous best
## Run 4 stress 0.000234125 
## ... Procrustes: rmse 0.0001268356  max resid 0.001903008 
## ... Similar to previous best
## Run 5 stress 0.0002235591 
## ... Procrustes: rmse 9.140641e-05  max resid 0.001114226 
## ... Similar to previous best
## Run 6 stress 0.0002649854 
## ... Procrustes: rmse 7.723169e-05  max resid 0.0007855207 
## ... Similar to previous best
## Run 7 stress 0.0002634111 
## ... Procrustes: rmse 9.022907e-05  max resid 0.001257786 
## ... Similar to previous best
## Run 8 stress 0.0002450565 
## ... Procrustes: rmse 0.0001118921  max resid 0.001208882 
## ... Similar to previous best
## Run 9 stress 0.0002390008 
## ... Procrustes: rmse 0.0001540934  max resid 0.0027948 
## ... Similar to previous best
## Run 10 stress 0.0002450104 
## ... Procrustes: rmse 7.33663e-05  max resid 0.001300984 
## ... Similar to previous best
## Run 11 stress 0.0002379301 
## ... Procrustes: rmse 0.000142937  max resid 0.002312271 
## ... Similar to previous best
## Run 12 stress 0.0002775694 
## ... Procrustes: rmse 0.0001467792  max resid 0.002655063 
## ... Similar to previous best
## Run 13 stress 0.0002602138 
## ... Procrustes: rmse 0.0001443887  max resid 0.00232379 
## ... Similar to previous best
## Run 14 stress 0.000234726 
## ... Procrustes: rmse 0.0001124845  max resid 0.001550216 
## ... Similar to previous best
## Run 15 stress 0.0002229657 
## ... Procrustes: rmse 8.771249e-05  max resid 0.001024053 
## ... Similar to previous best
## Run 16 stress 0.0002185355 
## ... Procrustes: rmse 6.948491e-05  max resid 0.001205662 
## ... Similar to previous best
## Run 17 stress 0.0002878713 
## ... Procrustes: rmse 0.0001633718  max resid 0.002667143 
## ... Similar to previous best
## Run 18 stress 0.0002214081 
## ... Procrustes: rmse 7.445224e-05  max resid 0.0009573464 
## ... Similar to previous best
## Run 19 stress 0.0002349317 
## ... Procrustes: rmse 7.312424e-05  max resid 0.0008458798 
## ... Similar to previous best
## Run 20 stress 0.0002469862 
## ... Procrustes: rmse 6.431415e-05  max resid 0.001135779 
## ... Similar to previous best
## *** Solution reached

2b. Does active management result in a different exotic community?

Hypothesis: Actively managed site will change the community.

Results: North Parcel sig different from Del Sol communities (both with all seedbank data and all seedbank and percent cover data)

## Wisconsin double standardization
## Run 0 stress 0.1733764 
## Run 1 stress 0.2016598 
## Run 2 stress 0.1825892 
## Run 3 stress 0.2131632 
## Run 4 stress 0.1712738 
## ... New best solution
## ... Procrustes: rmse 0.03547049  max resid 0.1073255 
## Run 5 stress 0.1756276 
## Run 6 stress 0.1925607 
## Run 7 stress 0.2114841 
## Run 8 stress 0.1915171 
## Run 9 stress 0.1702988 
## ... New best solution
## ... Procrustes: rmse 0.02513159  max resid 0.09712359 
## Run 10 stress 0.1767449 
## Run 11 stress 0.2024262 
## Run 12 stress 0.1826488 
## Run 13 stress 0.209214 
## Run 14 stress 0.18104 
## Run 15 stress 0.1736347 
## Run 16 stress 0.1877204 
## Run 17 stress 0.1814928 
## Run 18 stress 0.1849816 
## Run 19 stress 0.1706811 
## ... Procrustes: rmse 0.009691182  max resid 0.04891866 
## Run 20 stress 0.1885768 
## Run 21 stress 0.1813054 
## Run 22 stress 0.1701714 
## ... New best solution
## ... Procrustes: rmse 0.006758717  max resid 0.03757545 
## Run 23 stress 0.1851699 
## Run 24 stress 0.176436 
## Run 25 stress 0.174927 
## Run 26 stress 0.1865154 
## Run 27 stress 0.1802802 
## Run 28 stress 0.1805859 
## Run 29 stress 0.1743852 
## Run 30 stress 0.1742185 
## Run 31 stress 0.1738441 
## Run 32 stress 0.2033024 
## Run 33 stress 0.1770268 
## Run 34 stress 0.1897039 
## Run 35 stress 0.2031434 
## Run 36 stress 0.2050624 
## Run 37 stress 0.1736329 
## Run 38 stress 0.1731068 
## Run 39 stress 0.1748391 
## Run 40 stress 0.1731055 
## Run 41 stress 0.1731833 
## Run 42 stress 0.1757922 
## Run 43 stress 0.1741997 
## Run 44 stress 0.1828308 
## Run 45 stress 0.1867416 
## Run 46 stress 0.1728622 
## Run 47 stress 0.1872247 
## Run 48 stress 0.17338 
## Run 49 stress 0.1814606 
## Run 50 stress 0.1810412 
## Run 51 stress 0.1759519 
## Run 52 stress 0.2073453 
## Run 53 stress 0.1909302 
## Run 54 stress 0.1919209 
## Run 55 stress 0.1873494 
## Run 56 stress 0.1919813 
## Run 57 stress 0.1921356 
## Run 58 stress 0.1806915 
## Run 59 stress 0.1925388 
## Run 60 stress 0.200757 
## Run 61 stress 0.1959907 
## Run 62 stress 0.2096362 
## Run 63 stress 0.1737019 
## Run 64 stress 0.1791224 
## Run 65 stress 0.2116031 
## Run 66 stress 0.201161 
## Run 67 stress 0.1766697 
## Run 68 stress 0.1747328 
## Run 69 stress 0.1730899 
## Run 70 stress 0.1840414 
## Run 71 stress 0.1702163 
## ... Procrustes: rmse 0.002583475  max resid 0.01473866 
## Run 72 stress 0.1771323 
## Run 73 stress 0.1709486 
## Run 74 stress 0.1755095 
## Run 75 stress 0.1887825 
## Run 76 stress 0.1761892 
## Run 77 stress 0.1960429 
## Run 78 stress 0.1744203 
## Run 79 stress 0.1741776 
## Run 80 stress 0.1768261 
## Run 81 stress 0.1806334 
## Run 82 stress 0.2044272 
## Run 83 stress 0.2033158 
## Run 84 stress 0.177027 
## Run 85 stress 0.1869613 
## Run 86 stress 0.1861871 
## Run 87 stress 0.2108588 
## Run 88 stress 0.178314 
## Run 89 stress 0.1888635 
## Run 90 stress 0.173775 
## Run 91 stress 0.1814511 
## Run 92 stress 0.1742767 
## Run 93 stress 0.1746914 
## Run 94 stress 0.2066483 
## Run 95 stress 0.1753038 
## Run 96 stress 0.1762708 
## Run 97 stress 0.1982649 
## Run 98 stress 0.189412 
## Run 99 stress 0.1913047 
## Run 100 stress 0.1836526 
## Run 101 stress 0.1729805 
## Run 102 stress 0.1933719 
## Run 103 stress 0.177068 
## Run 104 stress 0.1705441 
## ... Procrustes: rmse 0.009678373  max resid 0.05072775 
## Run 105 stress 0.1842077 
## Run 106 stress 0.2059944 
## Run 107 stress 0.1975918 
## Run 108 stress 0.1740914 
## Run 109 stress 0.2076894 
## Run 110 stress 0.1739274 
## Run 111 stress 0.1756985 
## Run 112 stress 0.1926419 
## Run 113 stress 0.1953204 
## Run 114 stress 0.1918898 
## Run 115 stress 0.1844516 
## Run 116 stress 0.2063903 
## Run 117 stress 0.1733948 
## Run 118 stress 0.1931364 
## Run 119 stress 0.1741488 
## Run 120 stress 0.2042986 
## Run 121 stress 0.1857585 
## Run 122 stress 0.1775115 
## Run 123 stress 0.1731879 
## Run 124 stress 0.1868488 
## Run 125 stress 0.1845311 
## Run 126 stress 0.1753579 
## Run 127 stress 0.1933776 
## Run 128 stress 0.1926899 
## Run 129 stress 0.1728622 
## Run 130 stress 0.176069 
## Run 131 stress 0.1899127 
## Run 132 stress 0.1771486 
## Run 133 stress 0.1736138 
## Run 134 stress 0.2192776 
## Run 135 stress 0.2065213 
## Run 136 stress 0.1944162 
## Run 137 stress 0.1751954 
## Run 138 stress 0.1894884 
## Run 139 stress 0.1708882 
## Run 140 stress 0.1953439 
## Run 141 stress 0.2001331 
## Run 142 stress 0.1947132 
## Run 143 stress 0.1930439 
## Run 144 stress 0.1740495 
## Run 145 stress 0.170583 
## ... Procrustes: rmse 0.01015338  max resid 0.04830655 
## Run 146 stress 0.1706445 
## ... Procrustes: rmse 0.01110116  max resid 0.04707504 
## Run 147 stress 0.1702159 
## ... Procrustes: rmse 0.002557924  max resid 0.01463494 
## Run 148 stress 0.1714268 
## Run 149 stress 0.1863175 
## Run 150 stress 0.1889723 
## Run 151 stress 0.1890526 
## Run 152 stress 0.1932767 
## Run 153 stress 0.1729786 
## Run 154 stress 0.186062 
## Run 155 stress 0.1748511 
## Run 156 stress 0.2050218 
## Run 157 stress 0.2082764 
## Run 158 stress 0.1728337 
## Run 159 stress 0.2037059 
## Run 160 stress 0.1897468 
## Run 161 stress 0.1734018 
## Run 162 stress 0.1767713 
## Run 163 stress 0.2051432 
## Run 164 stress 0.2007809 
## Run 165 stress 0.2040309 
## Run 166 stress 0.1995039 
## Run 167 stress 0.1745444 
## Run 168 stress 0.1754204 
## Run 169 stress 0.1743481 
## Run 170 stress 0.2074194 
## Run 171 stress 0.1927411 
## Run 172 stress 0.1713814 
## Run 173 stress 0.2088491 
## Run 174 stress 0.1887718 
## Run 175 stress 0.186664 
## Run 176 stress 0.1925681 
## Run 177 stress 0.1740655 
## Run 178 stress 0.1762924 
## Run 179 stress 0.218104 
## Run 180 stress 0.2139098 
## Run 181 stress 0.1962638 
## Run 182 stress 0.1765568 
## Run 183 stress 0.1737806 
## Run 184 stress 0.1933985 
## Run 185 stress 0.1761172 
## Run 186 stress 0.2001847 
## Run 187 stress 0.1926294 
## Run 188 stress 0.1708859 
## Run 189 stress 0.1949873 
## Run 190 stress 0.1891524 
## Run 191 stress 0.1753585 
## Run 192 stress 0.1733532 
## Run 193 stress 0.1869561 
## Run 194 stress 0.173634 
## Run 195 stress 0.190953 
## Run 196 stress 0.1731141 
## Run 197 stress 0.1960291 
## Run 198 stress 0.1733478 
## Run 199 stress 0.1728623 
## Run 200 stress 0.170544 
## ... Procrustes: rmse 0.009614048  max resid 0.04987122 
## Run 201 stress 0.2034679 
## Run 202 stress 0.1783124 
## Run 203 stress 0.1846246 
## Run 204 stress 0.2034906 
## Run 205 stress 0.1707538 
## Run 206 stress 0.1929609 
## Run 207 stress 0.2067438 
## Run 208 stress 0.1743704 
## Run 209 stress 0.1760088 
## Run 210 stress 0.1712481 
## Run 211 stress 0.1812245 
## Run 212 stress 0.1743911 
## Run 213 stress 0.1787431 
## Run 214 stress 0.189581 
## Run 215 stress 0.173907 
## Run 216 stress 0.1737928 
## Run 217 stress 0.1978088 
## Run 218 stress 0.1736612 
## Run 219 stress 0.1706679 
## ... Procrustes: rmse 0.0116949  max resid 0.05016078 
## Run 220 stress 0.1750336 
## Run 221 stress 0.1933081 
## Run 222 stress 0.1983945 
## Run 223 stress 0.1873235 
## Run 224 stress 0.1705209 
## ... Procrustes: rmse 0.008918441  max resid 0.04684224 
## Run 225 stress 0.1973474 
## Run 226 stress 0.1823818 
## Run 227 stress 0.1766546 
## Run 228 stress 0.1967084 
## Run 229 stress 0.2084294 
## Run 230 stress 0.1972191 
## Run 231 stress 0.1712647 
## Run 232 stress 0.1897044 
## Run 233 stress 0.1810121 
## Run 234 stress 0.1861928 
## Run 235 stress 0.1706445 
## ... Procrustes: rmse 0.01114484  max resid 0.04720521 
## Run 236 stress 0.1752665 
## Run 237 stress 0.1868476 
## Run 238 stress 0.1770838 
## Run 239 stress 0.1887326 
## Run 240 stress 0.1767523 
## Run 241 stress 0.1734685 
## Run 242 stress 0.1710972 
## Run 243 stress 0.1932074 
## Run 244 stress 0.1754378 
## Run 245 stress 0.2033389 
## Run 246 stress 0.1702159 
## ... Procrustes: rmse 0.002553464  max resid 0.01469607 
## Run 247 stress 0.1841576 
## Run 248 stress 0.1941432 
## Run 249 stress 0.1766544 
## Run 250 stress 0.1705595 
## ... Procrustes: rmse 0.009742777  max resid 0.04863548 
## *** No convergence -- monoMDS stopping criteria:
##    250: stress ratio > sratmax

## Run 0 stress 0.0003519524 
## Run 1 stress 0.0003504315 
## ... New best solution
## ... Procrustes: rmse 0.0002541612  max resid 0.003437255 
## ... Similar to previous best
## Run 2 stress 0.0003389148 
## ... New best solution
## ... Procrustes: rmse 0.0002163799  max resid 0.00257989 
## ... Similar to previous best
## Run 3 stress 0.00032611 
## ... New best solution
## ... Procrustes: rmse 0.0002708335  max resid 0.003236125 
## ... Similar to previous best
## Run 4 stress 0.0003378828 
## ... Procrustes: rmse 0.0001854713  max resid 0.003153751 
## ... Similar to previous best
## Run 5 stress 0.0003992929 
## ... Procrustes: rmse 0.000134052  max resid 0.001714248 
## ... Similar to previous best
## Run 6 stress 0.0003056084 
## ... New best solution
## ... Procrustes: rmse 0.0001395105  max resid 0.001884434 
## ... Similar to previous best
## Run 7 stress 0.0004022789 
## ... Procrustes: rmse 9.359401e-05  max resid 0.001270421 
## ... Similar to previous best
## Run 8 stress 0.0003122231 
## ... Procrustes: rmse 0.0001346069  max resid 0.001591705 
## ... Similar to previous best
## Run 9 stress 0.0003836744 
## ... Procrustes: rmse 0.0002539098  max resid 0.005110854 
## ... Similar to previous best
## Run 10 stress 0.0003912929 
## ... Procrustes: rmse 0.0001487384  max resid 0.001782323 
## ... Similar to previous best
## Run 11 stress 0.0003606628 
## ... Procrustes: rmse 0.0001312615  max resid 0.001587534 
## ... Similar to previous best
## Run 12 stress 0.0002851427 
## ... New best solution
## ... Procrustes: rmse 0.0001209941  max resid 0.002294198 
## ... Similar to previous best
## Run 13 stress 0.0002879428 
## ... Procrustes: rmse 0.0001022843  max resid 0.001693297 
## ... Similar to previous best
## Run 14 stress 0.0003770013 
## ... Procrustes: rmse 0.0002570975  max resid 0.005100019 
## ... Similar to previous best
## Run 15 stress 0.0003561592 
## ... Procrustes: rmse 4.883992e-05  max resid 0.0004910848 
## ... Similar to previous best
## Run 16 stress 0.0003236326 
## ... Procrustes: rmse 9.137825e-05  max resid 0.001487117 
## ... Similar to previous best
## Run 17 stress 0.0003035541 
## ... Procrustes: rmse 0.000185986  max resid 0.003177981 
## ... Similar to previous best
## Run 18 stress 0.0003145829 
## ... Procrustes: rmse 0.0002473574  max resid 0.004793174 
## ... Similar to previous best
## Run 19 stress 0.0003745728 
## ... Procrustes: rmse 0.0001321171  max resid 0.002436761 
## ... Similar to previous best
## Run 20 stress 0.0002974172 
## ... Procrustes: rmse 6.972155e-05  max resid 0.001179452 
## ... Similar to previous best
## *** Solution reached